"The evolution from micro-matter to metaverse begins with the seven layer netplex scheme of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model of the International Standards Organization...
The OSI Stack, above the physical layer is the "datalink" this is the medium where hardware becomes "firmware" and Software that define the electrical specifications, timing rules and electron-photon conversions that enable the transmission of information across a link from one node or computational address to the next...
Switches operate here at layer two, passing packets only to the next node, local area networks such as Ethernet or WiFi function at this level...
If you shun the highways of the internet, you can live your life transmitting your bits and bytes across the datalink layers, layer two...
The third layer is the network layer, the domain of routers, which combines with the transport layer (layer four) to establish the end-to-end links that constitute the TCP/IP Internet Protocols...
This is the entire system of IP addresses and Transport Control Protocol traffic shuffles that comprise the connections from end to end across the Net...
Layer three does the headers on the packets, the identities and addresses; layer four does the actual transmission and reception of data packets and traffic management, load balancing and acks (i got it) and naks (I'm still waiting) that assure connections...
Layers three and four tend to be a bastion of central powers, where governments and their intelligence arms chase down domain names and addresses, entities such as ICANN and even the UN's ITU...
When they discover a silk Road or perhaps an Alpha Bay, they track it down over layer three...
Above layer four is layer five-the all-important session layer-which governs a particular two-way communication from beginning to end, whether a video stream, a Skype call, a Session Initiation Protocol conference, a messaging exchange, an email post, or even-and this would prove fateful- a transaction...
Layers six and seven are the schemes for presentations and applications-user interfaces, windows, formats, operating systems, and so on...
These are summed up in the ingenious schemes of hyperlinks (click on a word and go to a new page) and universal resource locators (URLS) addresses...
Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in Geneva invented them in 1989 as part of his World Wide Web. Berners-Lee wanted to make all data linkable into one Web, a skein of tools that made it easy to set up a Web page of "shared creative collaborative space where everyone could play together"...
To describe the OSI stack in Telecosm: Pick up the handset of an analog phone and listen for a dial tone (physical layer signal) now often simulate; dial a number (every digit moves the call another link closer to the destination); listen for the the ringtone (signifying a network connection and transport of signals) by the time you get someone on the line, you have gone through the first four layers of the OSI Stack, then the hello begins a session, the choice of English defines the presentation, the conversation constitutes the application layer and the hang-up ends the session..."
The Paraphrases of George Gilder...
Continuing with that another layer is being introduced an 8th layer...Blockchain...
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